Kaŝtanflanka parulio
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 Kaŝtanflanka parulio | ||||||||||||||
Biologia klasado | ||||||||||||||
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Dunomo | ||||||||||||||
Dendroica pensylvanica (Linnaeus, 1766) | ||||||||||||||
Konserva statuso | ||||||||||||||
 Konserva statuso: Malplej zorgiga | ||||||||||||||
Aliaj Vikimediaj projektoj | ||||||||||||||
La Kaŝtanflanka parulio (Dendroica pensylvanica) estas birdospecio de la familio de Paruliedoj kaj granda genro Dendroica.
Enhavo
1 Disvastiĝo
2 Aspekto
3 Kutimaro
4 Notoj
5 Referencoj
6 Eksteraj ligiloj
7 Plia legado
7.1 Tezoj
7.2 Artikoloj
Disvastiĝo |
Ili reproduktigas en orienta Nordameriko kaj en suda Kanado okcidenten ĝis la Kanadaj Prerioj. Ili reproduktiĝas ankaŭ en la regiono de la Grandaj Lagoj kaj en orienta Usono.
Tiuj nearktisaj birdoj estas migrantaj, kiuj vintras en Centrameriko suden al norda Kolombio[1], kun nekonfirmita vidaĵo el tiom sude kiom el Ekvadoro; ili estas ankaŭ tre raraj vagantoj en okcidentan Eŭropon.
Maskla plenkreskulo, somere (supre)
Juna masklo (centre)
Plenkreskulo, vintra (sube)
Aspekto |
Somere masklo de Kaŝtanflanka parulio estas nekonfuzebla laŭ aspekto. Li montras malhele striecan grizan dorson (nigraj plumoj kun flavaj bordoj), blankan vizaĝon kun el beko nigraj okulstrio al nuko kaj kolstrio suben (tiele restas granda blanka orelareo) kaj flavverdecan kronon kun mallarĝa blankeca frunta bordo. Ties subaj partoj estas blankaj, kun tre markate brunaj flankoj (kaŝtankoloraj), kaj ĝi havas ankaŭ du blankajn flugilstriojn. Inoj similas al eluzitaj versioj de somera masklo, kaj ĉefe, ino ne havas la markatan kapobildon kaj ankaŭ havas malpli da bruna koloro en flankoj. La beko estas rekta kaj pintakra. La kruroj estas grizecaj.
Nereproduktuloj de ambaŭ seksoj havas verdecajn kapojn, kaj verdecajn suprajn partojn kiuj estas kutime nestriecaj. Ili havas ankaŭ nestriecajn palgrizajn brustojn. Ties flugilstrioj estas ĉiam en ties plumaroj. Manko de strieco helpas distingi tiun specion el la Stria parulio for de la reprodukta sezono.
Kutimaro |
Masklo, Otavo, Ontario
La kantoj estas fajfaj pliis, pliis, pliis tumiĉ. Ties alvokoj estas akraj ĉip. La tasforma nesto estas situa en malalta arbusto, kutime en juna decidua arbaro aŭ arbustaro. La ino demetas 3-5 ovojn. Tiu specio estas ofte parazitita de la Brunkapa molotro.
Kaŝtanflankaj parulioj estas insektovoraj, sed tio inkludas berojn en ties vintra dieto[2]. Ili manĝas aktive en arbustoj kaj malgrandaj arboj, kaj foje kaptas insektojn perfluge.
La nombroj de tiu birdospecio pliiĝis dum duarangaj arbaroj iĝis pli komunaj oriente fine de la 19a jarcento; ties nombroj iom malpliiĝis ekde tiam.
Notoj |
↑ Strewe & Navarro (2004)
↑ Ekz. Tiuj de Cymbopetalum mayanum (Annonaceae); tiaj arboj povas esti uzataj por allogi vintrajn birdojn en ĝardenojn kaj parkojn: Foster (2007)
Referencoj |
BirdLife International (2004). Dendroica pensylvanica. Internacia Ruĝa Listo de Endanĝeritaj Specioj, eldono de 2006. IUCN 2006. Elŝutita 12a Majo 2006. Malplej Zorgiga.
Curson, Jon; Quinn, David & Beadle David (1994): New World Warblers. Christopher Helm, London. ISBN 0-7136-3932-6
Foster, Mercedes S. (2007): The potential of fruiting trees to enhance converted habitats for migrating birds in southern Mexico. Bird Conservation International 17(1): 45-61. COI:10.1017/S0959270906000554 PDF plena teksto
Strewe, Ralf & Navarro, Cristobal (2004): New and noteworthy records of birds from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta region, north-eastern Colombia. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 124(1): 38-51. PDF plena teksto
Eksteraj ligiloj |
Filmetoj, fotoj kaj sonoj de Kaŝtanflanka parulio ĉe Internet Bird Collection
Kaŝtanflanka parulio - Dendroica Pensylvanica - USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter
Speciinformaro pri Kaŝtanflanka parulio – Laboratorio Cornell de Ornitologio
Informaro kaj fotoj de Kaŝtanflanka parulio - Suddakotaj Birdoj kaj Birdumo
Fotaro de Kaŝtanflanka parulio VIREO
Kaŝtanflanka parulio ĉe Animal Diversity Web
Plia legado |
Tezoj |
- Byers BE. Ph.D. (1995). Development, variation, and use of two song categories by chestnut-sided warblers. University of Massachusetts Amherst, United States, Massachusetts.
- Greenberg RS. Ph.D. (1981). THE WINTER EXPLOITATION SYSTEMS OF BAY-BREASTED AND CHESTNUT-SIDED WARBLERS IN PANAMA. University of California, Berkeley, United States, California.
- Hamady MA. Ph.D. (2000). An ecosystem approach to assessing the effects of forest heterogeneity and disturbance on birds of the northern hardwood forest in Michigan's Upper Peninsula. Michigan State University, United States, Michigan.
- King DI. Ph.D. (1999). Ecology of mature-forest and early-successional-shrubland birds in managed temperate deciduous forests. University of Massachusetts Amherst, United States, Massachusetts.
- Kingsley AL. M.Sc. (1998). Response of birds and vegetation to the first cut of the uniform shelterwood silvicultural system in the white pine forests of Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario. Trent University (Canada), Canada.
- Mahony NA. M.Sc. (1995). A comparison of the breeding success of black-capped chickadees and chestnut-sided warblers in healthy and declining sugar maple forests in Central Ontario. Trent University (Canada), Canada.
- Woodcock JM. M.Sc. (1997). Effects of manual, mechanical, and aerial herbicide conifer release on songbird numbers in regenerating spruce plantations in northwestern Ontario. Lakehead University (Canada), Canada.
Artikoloj |
- Andrew PJ, Erica N & Dennis RV. (2004). EFFECTS OF SELECTION CUTTING ON BIRD COMMUNITIES IN CONTIGUOUS EASTERN HARDWOOD FORESTS. Journal of Wildlife Management. vol 68, no 1. p. 51.
- Brooks MA, Harrigan BC, Johnson KM, Lowe DE, Lowery JP, McGlothlin JW, Sasso MM, Smith SA & Cristol DA. (2001). Revisit schedule does not affect results of point counts. Journal of Field Ornithology. vol 72, no 3. p. 404-411.
- Bruce EB. (2007). Extrapair paternity in chestnut-sided warblers is correlated with consistent vocal performance. Behavioral Ecology. vol 18, no 1. p. 130.
- Bruce EB & David IK. (2000). Singing by female Chestnut-sided Warblers. The Wilson Bulletin. vol 112, no 4. p. 547.
- Bruce EB, Herman LM, Jr., Ian RKS & David FW. (2004). EXTRAPAIR PATERNITY INCREASES VARIABILITY IN MALE REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS IN THE CHESTNUT-SIDED WARBLER (DENDROICA PENSYLVANICA), A SOCIALLY MONOGAMOUS SONGBIRD. The Auk. vol 121, no 3. p. 788.
- Burris JM & Haney AW. (2005). Bird communities after blowdown in a late-successional Great Lakes spruce-fir forest. Wilson Bulletin. vol 117, no 4. p. 341-352.
- Byers BE. (1995). Song types, repertoires and song variability in a population of chestnut-sided warblers. Condor. vol 97, no 2. p. 390-401.
- Byers BE. (1996). Geographic variation of song form within and among chestnut-sided warbler populations. Auk. vol 113, no 2. p. 288-299.
- Byers BE. (1996). Messages encoded in the songs of chestnut-sided warblers. Animal Behaviour. vol 52, no 4. p. 691-705.
- Byers BE & King DI. (2000). Singing by female Chestnut-sided Warblers. Wilson Bulletin. vol 112, no 4. p. 547-550.
- Byers BE & Kroodsma DE. (1992). Development of two song categories by chestnut-sided warblers. Animal Behaviour. vol 44, no 5. p. 799-810.
- Byers BE, Mays HL, Jr., Stewart IRK & Westneat DF. (2004). Extrapair paternity increases variability in male reproductive success in the chestnut-sided warbler (Dendroica pensylvanica), a socially monogamous songbird. Auk. vol 121, no 3. p. 788-795.
- David IK & Bruce EB. (2002). An evaluation of powerline rights-of-way as habitat for early-successional shrubland birds. Wildlife Society Bulletin. vol 30, no 3. p. 868.
- David IK, Richard MD & Curtice RG. (2001). Plumage coloration and reproductive success in male Chestnut-sided Warblers. The Wilson Bulletin. vol 113, no 2. p. 239.
- Doyon F, Gagnon D & Giroŭ J-F. (2005). Effects of strip and single-tree selection cutting on birds and their habitat in a Southwestern Quebec northern hardwood forest. Forest Ecology & Management. vol 209, no 1-2. p. 101-115.
- Freedman B, Beauchamp C, McLaren IA & Tingley SI. (1981). Forestry Management Practices and Populations of Breeding Birds in a Hardwood Forest in Nova-Scotia Canada. Canadian Field Naturalist. vol 95, no 3. p. 307-311.
- Gradwohl J & Greenberg R. (1980). The Formation of Antwren Flocks on Barro-Colorado Island Panama. Auk. vol 97, no 2. p. 385-395.
- Greenberg R. (1983). Role of Neophobia in Determining the Degree of Foraging Specialization in Some Migrant Warblers. American Naturalist. vol 122, no 4. p. 444-453.
- Greenberg R. (1984). Differences in Feeding Neophobia in the Tropical Migrant Wood Warblers Dendroica-Castanea and Dendroica-Pensylvanica. Journal of Comparative Psychology. vol 98, no 2. p. 131-136.
- Greenberg R. (1984). Neophobia in the Foraging Site Selection of a Neotropical Migrant Bird an Experimental Study. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. vol 81, no 12. p. 3778-3780.
- Greenberg R. (1985). A Comparison of Foliage Discrimination Learning in a Specialist and a Generalist Species of Migrant Wood Warbler Aves Parulidae. Canadian Journal of Zoology. vol 63, no 4. p. 773-776.
- Hanowski J, Danz N, Lind J & Niemi G. (2003). Breeding bird response to riparian forest harvest and harvest equipment. Forest Ecology & Management. vol 174, no 1-3. p. 315-328.
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- Hobson KA & Bayne E. (2000). The effects of stand age on avian communities in aspen-dominated forests of central Saskatchewan, Canada. Forest Ecology & Management. vol 136, no 1-3. p. 121-134.
- Holmes SB, Burke DM, Elliott KA, Cadman MD & Friesen L. (2004). Partial cutting of woodlots in an agriculture-dominated landscape: effects on forest bird communities. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. vol 34, no 12. p. 2467-2476.
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- John MB & Alan WH. (2005). BIRD COMMUNITIES AFTER BLOWDOWN IN A LATE-SUCCESSIONAL GREAT LAKES SPRUCE-FIR FOREST. The Wilson Bulletin. vol 117, no 4. p. 341.
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- King DI & Degraaf RM. (2004). Effects of group-selection opening size on the distribution and reproductive success of an early-successional shrubland bird. Forest Ecology & Management. vol 190, no 2-3. p. 179-185.
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- King DI, Degraaf RM & Griffin CR. (2001). Productivity of early successional shrubland birds in clearcuts and groupcuts in an eastern deciduous forest. Journal of Wildlife Management. vol 65, no 2. p. 345-350.
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- Mahony N, Nol E & Hutchinson T. (1997). Food-chain chemistry, reproductive success, and foraging behaviour of songbirds in acidified maple forests of central Ontario. Canadian Journal of Zoology. vol 75, no 4. p. 509-517.
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